Well, speed costs $$$, how fast do you want to go ?
Carb, intake & headers are really about it as far as bolt-on's go and you've already got them. Going any further with it is going to involve opening up *something*. How large is the carb and what intake do you have ?
The next logical performance step would be a cam. If you're ******** about not wanting to get into the block then another option would be a centrifugal blower but that's a pretty big step and you'd really want a cam to maximize it anyways. If you're looking more towards racing & hanging around with the go-fast crowd then you might consider gears and in this case you'd only have to do the rear axle for stoplight-to-stoplight stuff but for what that would cost you could just pickup an old mustang or some other 2wd beater and set it up for that kind of thing. don't forget that the whole deal here is your horsepower-to-weight ratio so making the truck lighter has the same effect as adding horsepower. Pull off the cap, remove the rear set, take off heavy things you don't need (a winch bumper would be a good example). replace the tailgate with a cargo net. the tailgate, cap , rear seat & sway bars alone would remove a good 250-300lbs. Strip it down and lighten it up. You can also look at improving your ignition with something like an MSD box & distributor.
Upgrading from a carb to EFI will net you horsepower gains, the Holley ProJection works great and lets you keep the intake without having to go to multiport.
Parts from any year 5.0 mustang will physically fit but horsepower isn't just in the parts you use but also the *combination* of parts. Stuff that works well together as a package will get you more HP than just slapping on performance parts. A Mustang ** block will be machined for a roller cam and that will be an improvement over your flat-lifter block. If this is your goal then you'll probably be better off getting a 5.0 ** shortblock from a junkyard and swapping the parts you already have onto that.
Take a look at nitrous (and please, PLEASE don't call it "Noss"). If used sparingly and not at ridiculous power levels that will definitely give you the best bang for your buck. Lighten up the truck as much as you can (dump your steel rims for aluminum), put in the best ignition you can and add a 75-100hp nitrous kit. those would all be bolt-on's that will make it dramatically faster.